Hoof care is essential for the welfare, comfort, and performance of livestock, including horses, cattle, sheep and goats. Livestock can weigh over 1,000 lbs, all supported by four relatively small hooves. Without proper care, hoof problems can develop, leading to pain, lameness, and reduced productivity.
By following good hoof management practices, you can greatly reduce the risk of problems, improve animal well-being and lower expenses for treating problems down the road.
Understanding Hoof Anatomy
- Foot vs. Hoof: A horse “foot” refers to the hoof and all its internal structures, including bones, tendons and sensitive tissues. The “hoof” is the hard outside covering of the foot.
- Horse Hooves vs. Other Livestock: Horse hooves are one solid structure while cattle, sheep, goats and pigs have a hoof that contains two digits (referred to as cloven-footed). Each type of livestock requires a different frequency and type of hoof care management.
Proper Hoof Care Practices for Horses
Cleaning
- A hoof pick is an essential tool in a horse grooming kit.
- Always clean your horse’s hooves before and after riding.
- Whether or not they are ridden, horses kept in stalls or confined areas should have their hooves picked out daily to prevent thrush.
- Horses on pasture should have their hooves cleaned periodically.
Trimming
- Just like our fingernails, a horse’s hooves grow continuously.
- Trim your horses’ hooves every six to eight weeks to keep them in proper shape.
- Always use a trained farrier. An inexperienced person can easily trim the hoof wall too short or pare too much sole, resulting in pain.
- To avoid lameness, the hoof must be balanced precisely which requires the skill and expertise of a farrier.
- In the long run, it’s less expensive to pay for a good farrier than to risk the well-being of your horse.
Shoeing
- Horses that work frequently, stand on hard surfaces, have weak hoof walls, flat soles, or other problems, may need shoes.
- Shoes need to be reset every six to eight weeks – leaving them on too long can cause damage.
- Consult your farrier or veterinarian for advice.
Nutrition
- Adequate nutrition and a balanced diet are essential for maintaining healthy hooves.
- Talk with your veterinarian to ensure your horse’s diet includes all the necessary nutrients and in the correct amounts to support hoof health.
Environment
- Maintain a clean and dry living environment to prevent hoof infections such as thrush.
- Regularly clean stalls and paddocks to reduce the risk of hoof problems.